3  Structure Prioritization

Elk River Watershed Barrier Structure Summary

The primary conservation outcome of the WCRP is the rehabilitation of barriers to connectivity in the Elk River watershed. To achieve the 2041 connectivity goals in this plan (Goals 2 and 4), it is necessary to prioritize and identify a suite of barriers for both the Upstream of Elko Dam and Downstream of Elko Dam units that, if rehabilitated, will provide access to a minimum of 142 km of habitat and 3 km of habitat, respectively (Table 3.1).

Table 3.1: Habitat connectivity gain requirements to meet WCRP goals in each WCRP unit of the Elk River watershed. The measures of currently accessible and total habitat values are derived from the Intrinsic Potential habitat model described in the data methods.
WCRP Unit Currently accessible (km) Total Current Connectivity Status Goal Gain required (km)
Upstream of Elko Dam 717.21 971.65 74% 86% 118.41
Downstream of Elko Dam 207.39000000000001 223.46 93% 99% 13.84

The structure prioritization process comprises three stages:

  • Stage 1: preliminary barrier list

  • Stage 2: intermediate barrier list

  • Stage 3: priority barrier list

The barrier prioritization analysis ranked barriers by the amount of habitat blocked to produce an “intermediate barrier list” comprising more barriers than are needed to achieve the goals. A longer list of barriers is needed due to the inherent assumptions in the connectivity model, habitat model, and gaps in available data. Barriers that have been modelled (i.e., points where streams and road/rail networks intersect) are assumed to be barriers until field verification is undertaken and structures that have been assessed as “potential” barriers (e.g., may be passable at certain flow levels or for certain life history stages) require further investigation before a definitive rehabilitation decision is made. Additionally, the habitat model identifies stream segmentsthat have the potential to support spawning or rearing habitat for focal species but does not attempt to quantify habitat quality or suitability see data methods, which will require additional field verification once barrier assessments have been completed. As such, the intermediate list of barriers (Table 3.3) should be considered as a starting point in the prioritization process and represents crossings that are a priority to evaluate further through barrier assessment and habitat confirmations because some structures will likely be passable, others will not be associated with usable habitat, some crossings may not exist, and others may not be feasible to rehabilitate because of logistic considerations. The intermediate barrier list was updated following the barrier assessments and habitat confirmations that were undertaken during the 2021 field season - some barriers were moved forward to the “priority barrier list”(Table 3.6) and others were eliminated from consideration due to one or more of the considerations discussed above see (Table 3.2) and (Table 3.3). The priority barrier list represents structures that were confirmed to be partial or full barriers to fish passage and that block access to confirmed habitat. Barriers on the priority list were reviewed by planning team members and selected for inclusion for proactive rehabilitation. For more details on the barrier prioritization model, please see (Mazany-Wright, Norris, Lapointe, & Rebellato (2021a)).

Table 3.2:

List of barriers above Elko Dam that were prioritized as part of the first iteration of the intermediate barrier list (field assessments occurred during the 2021 field season) but were removed from consideration for proactive rehabilitation following discussion with the planning team.

ID

Stream name

Reason For Removal

Comments

112336

Alexander Creek

Improperly mapped on mainstem. Located on tributary with limited habitat value.

High up in watershed, steep terrain.

1024735443

Abruzzi Creek

Does not exist

Recreational trail erroneously mapped in Digital Road Atlas

62245

Tobermory Creek

Rehabilitated

Open bottom clearspan bridge

197527

Crossing Creek

Low quality habitat

1004606284

Fording River

Ford

Confirmed via literature: Cope et al. (2016)

197826 (1004603334)

Fording River

ford

1100002606

Boivin Creek

Off channel, not a barrier

197818 (1004606007)

Weigert Creek

Ford

197820 (1024735049)

Weigert Creek

Ford

197837 (1004602163)

Morrissey Creek

Ford

Crossing removed

197821 (1004606545)

Cummings Creek

Ford

197846 (1004607449)

Tributary to Ewin Creek

Ford

Crossing Removed

197847 (1004600533)

Chauncey Creek

Ford

Crossing Removed

197805 (1004601280)

Tributary to Harmer Creek

Ford

Crossing Removed

197839 (1004607022)

McCool Creek

Ford

197823(1024706614)

Henretta Creek

Ford

Crossing Removed

197824 (1004604696)

Henretta Creek

Crossing does not exist

197803 (1004602514)

Harmer Creek

Ford

197838 (1004601704)

Morrissey Creek

Ford

Crossing removed

197816 (1004602949)

Weigert Creek

Ford

1004603432

Tributary to Cadorna Creed

Crossing does not exist

Table 3.3:

List of barriers below Elko Dam that were prioritized as part of the first iteration of the intermediate barrier list (field assessments occurred during the 2021 field season) but were removed from consideration for proactive rehabilitation following discussion with the planning team.

ID

Stream name

Reason For Removal

Comments

197789 (1004603791)

Tributary to Lodgepole Creek

Ford

Road Deactivated

197792 (1004605499)

Tributary to Bean Creek

Bridge

197867 (1004603553)

Bighorn Creek

Ford

1004605216

Tributary to Wigwam river

No Crossing

Crossing does not exist

197785 (1004606129)

Tributary to Wigwam river

No channel

No defined channel - lake drains to basin upstream with no visible channel between lake and road

197782 (1004602359)

Rabbit Creek

Bridge (Collapsed)

Collapsed bridge but not blocking flows

197861 (1004602646)

Tributary to Wigwam river

No crossing

197794 (1004603480)

Bean Creek

Bridge

197790 (1004606411)

Tributary to Lodgepole Creek

Ford

197796 (1004601984)

Tributary to Lodgepole Creek

Short habitat gain

2.3 m falls ~60 m upstream

1004605338

Tributary to Wigwam river

No Crossing, no channel

Dry area with no channel

197797 (1004606926)

Bighorn Creek

Ford

Crossing removed

197780 (1004601993)

Rabbit Creek

Ford

197781 (1004601995)

Rabbit Creek

Bridge (Collapsed)

Collapsed bridge but not blocking flows

1004603793

Lodgepole Creek

Ford

Crossing removed

197795 (1024733953)

Tributary to Lodgepole Creek

Bridge

Table 3.4:

Intermediate barrier list resulting from barrier prioritization analysis in the Elk River watershed above Elko Dam. Crossings on this list have been identified as either potential barriers that require field verification or barriers/potential barriers that require further habitat investigations to determine their suitability as Westslope Cutthroat Trout habitat.

ID

Stream name

Barrier type

Assessment Status

Barrier Status

Number of downstream barriers

Spawning and Rearing Habitat Blocked (KM)

Next Steps

Comments

197559

Brûlé Creek

Highway crossing

Habitat confirmation

Barrier

1

22.22

In-depth habitat investigations

Currently under investigation to determine habitat capacity for WCT

61504

Coal Creek

Resource road crossing

Assessed

Barrier

0

14.75

Monitor

Road has washed out, not currently a barrier. Mintor as road is rebuilt

1004603413

Henretta Creek

Resource road crossing

Modelled Crossing

Potential

2

5.84

Barrier assessment

Determine presence and barrier status from teck Coal

50185

Tributary to Morrisey Creek

Resource road crossing

Habitat confirmation

Barrier

0

2.13

In-depth habitat investigations

Currently under investigation to determine habitat capacity for WCT

197534

Weigert Creek

Highway crossing

Habitat confirmation

Barrier

0

0.17

In-depth habitat investigations

Currently under investigation to determine habitat capacity for WCT

197533

Brûlé Creek

Municipal road crossing

Habitat confirmation

Barrier

0

0.13

In-depth habitat investigations

Currently under investigation to determine habitat capacity for WCT

Total Gain:

45.24

Table 3.5:

Intermediate barrier list resulting from barrier prioritization analysis in the Elk River watershed below Elko Dam. Crossings on this list have been identified as either potential barriers that require field verification or barriers/potential barriers that require further habitat investigations to determine their suitability as Westslope Cutthroat Trout habitat.

ID

Stream name

Barrier type

Assessment Status

Barrier Status

Number of downstream barriers

Spawning and Rearing Habitat Blocked (KM)

Next Steps

Comments

197783 (1004605937)

Tributary to Wigwam River

Resource road crossing

Barrier Assessment

Barrier

0

0.79

In-depth habitat investigations

Currently under investigation to determine habitat capacity for WCT

197787 (1004606370)

Lodgepole Creek

Resource road crossing

Habitat confirmation

Potential

0

0.61

In-depth habitat investigations

Currently under investigation to determine habitat capacity for WCT

197793 (1004606347)

Bean Creek

Resource road crossing

Habitat confirmation

Barrier

0

0.88

In-depth habitat investigations

Currently under investigation to determine habitat capacity for WCT

197786 (1004606398)

Lodgepole Creek

Resource road crossing

Habitat confirmation

Barrier

1

0.49

In-depth habitat investigations

Currently under investigation to determine habitat capacity for WCT

197844 (1004605514)

Tributary to Bighord Creek

Resource road crossing

Habitat confirmation

Barrier

0

0.60

In-depth habitat investigations

Currently under investigation to determine habitat capacity for WCT

Total Gain:

3.37

There are currently 21 barriers on the priority barrier list, which will be pursued for proactive rehabilitation to achieve the connectivity goals in this plan:

Table 3.6:

Elk River watershed priority barrier list, which includes barriers that have undergone field assessment, been reviewed by the planning team, and selected for proactive rehabilitation (Note that at present there are no priority barriers Below Elko Dam).

Barrier Id

Modelled Crossing Id

Watercourse Name

Road Name

Structure Type

Partial Passability

Structure Owner

Num Barriers Set

Total Hab Gain Set

Upstream Habitat Quality

Estimated Cost $

Next Steps

Reason

Notes

Supporting Links

197533

4600183

Brule Creek

Busato Road

Stream crossing - CBS

No

MOTI

2

21.69

High

700000

Commission engineering designs

Full barrier to fish passage. Culverts in poor shape and in need of replacing.

Potential to do some habitat rehabilitation work on the stream in conjunction with culvert replacements.

https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_elk_2022_reporting/results.html#brule-creek---pscis-crossings-197533-and-197559

197559

4600070

Brule Creek

Highway 43

Stream crossing - CBS

No

MOTI

2

21.69

Medium

6100000

Commission engineering designs

Full barrier to passage, culverts in poor shape and in need of replacing.

Potential to rehabilitate stream channel at same time as culverts replaced.

https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_elk_2022_reporting/discussion-and-recommendations.html#brule-creek---pscis-crossings-197533-and-197559-1

197827

4600762

Fording River

FRO Coal Haul

Stream crossing - CBS

Unknown

Teck

1

16.60

High

Rehabilitation

Industry barrier

Very important WCT stream

https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_elk_2021_reporting/appendix---phase-1-fish-passage-assessment-data-and-photos.html#

197534

4600069

Weigert Creek

Highway 43

Stream crossing - CBS

Yes

MOTI

2

10.32

High

5000000

Commission engineering designs

In-depth habitat investigations revealed WCT presence upstream and downstream of crossing. Cold water = short growing season for fish. Could be important temperature refuge during hot weather.

Initial discussions with MOTI carried out. MOTI is amenable to replacing crossing but no solid timeline identified.

https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_elk_2022_reporting/results.html#weigert-creek---pscis-crossing-197534

197542

4600367

Hartley Creek

Dicken Road

Stream crossing - CBS

Unknown

MOTI

3

7.88

High

Rehabilitation

Very important WCT stream

Currently going through Fisheries Act authorization due to sediment basin component of work

https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_elk_2020_reporting/appendix---197542---hartley-creek.html

13635d39-ee0f-4d0c-bb9c-9649ac9a5c63

Harmer Creek

Elkview

Dam

No

Teck

1

5.47

High

Rehabilitation

Industry barrier

Under construction. Expected completion 2025.

https://www.teck.com/media/Harmer-Creek-Evaluation-of-Cause%20-Report-March-2023.pdf

62181

4606699

Dry Creek

Railway

Stream crossing - CBS

Unknown

CP Rail

2

4.56

Medium

7500000

Rehabilitation

Industry barrier

Scores as potential barrier. Barrier to be rehabilitated as part of Teck's Tributary Management Plan under Environmental Management Act.

https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_elk_2021_reporting/appendix---62181-62182---dry-creek.html

62182

4600284

Dry Creek

Fording Highway

Stream crossing - CBS

Unknown

MOTI

2

4.56

Medium

Rehabilitation

Industry barrier

Barrier to be rehabilitated as part of Teck's Tributary Management Plan under Environmental Management Act

https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_elk_2021_reporting/appendix---62181-62182---dry-creek.html

50185

4605191

Tributary to Morrissey Creek

River Road

Stream crossing - CBS

Yes

CanFor

2

2.91

High

125000

Engage with barrier owner

Industry barrier on busy haul road. High value WCT rearing stream with groundwater refugia.

Preliminary studies by VAST this winter revealed groundwater- influenced temperature refugia and suitable habitat for WCT. EB dominant in lower reaches.

https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_elk_2020_reporting/appendix---50185---tributary-to-morrisey-creek.html#

197844

4605514

Tributary to Bighorn Creek

Cabin Creek FSR

Stream crossing - CBS

No

CanFor

1

1.71

Medium

240000

Engage with barrier owner

Industry barrier. Good overwintering potential for WCT.

Bull Trout also present in stream. Winter investigations revealed strong groundwater influence upstream of crossing and at mouth of creek. 70 m dewatered section between culvert and mouth.

https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_elk_2021_reporting/appendix---197844---tributary-to-bighorn-creek.html Also see: VAST. 2023. Elk River Westslope Cutthroat Trout passage and habitat investigations. Prepared for Canadian Wildlife Federation by VAST Resource Solutions Inc., Cranbrook, B.C.

197787

4606370

Lodgepole Creek

Lodgepole Creek FSR

Stream crossing - CBS

Yes

CanFor

1

1.15

High

240000

Engage with barrier owner

Industry barrier. Excellent quality habitat supporting all life stages of WCT.

Pure population of WCT confirmed in Lodgepole Creek. Barrier at low flows. Sedimentation and deflection issues identified due to culvert.

https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_elk_2021_reporting/appendix---197787-197786---lodgepole-creek.html Also see: VAST. 2023. Elk River Westslope Cutthroat Trout passage and habitat investigations. Prepared for Canadian Wildlife Federation by VAST Resource Solutions Inc., Cranbrook, B.C.

62416

4600504

Grace Creek

Line Road

Stream crossing - CBS

Unknown

CanWel Forest Products

1

0.98

High

500000

Commission engineering designs

Important WCT stream with high-quality habitat upstream

Barrier owner non-responsive. Currently being proposed as offsetting site for NWP Coal. Awaiting DFO decision.

http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/acat/public/advancedSearch.do?keywords=[PSCIS3520]&searchKeyType=searchAll&sortColumn=title

50152

4600144

Tributary to Lizard Creek (Stove Creek)

Mount Fernie Parkway

Stream crossing - CBS

No

BC Parks

1

0.36

High

650000

Fundraise

High quality WCT habitat cut off from Lizard Creek. Lizard complex including all tributaries identified as critical habitat by working group.

https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_elk_2020_reporting/appendix---50152---tributary-to-lizard-creek.html

197824

4604696

Henretta Creek

Unnamed

Stream crossing - CBS

Unknown

Teck

High

Commission engineering designs

Industry barrier. Important WCT stream

Preliminary design complete, undergoing options evaluation

https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_elk_2021_reporting/appendix---phase-1-fish-passage-assessment-data-and-photos.html

Table 3.7:

Data Deficient Structures

Barrier Id

Modelled Crossing Id

Watercourse Name

Road Name

Structure Type

Structure Owner

Barrier Status

Partial Passability

Assessment Type Completed

Total Hab Gain Set

Num Barriers Set

Next Steps

Notes

Supporting Links

1004602974

4602974

Grace Creek

Line Road

Stream crossing - CBS

CanWel Forest Products

POTENTIAL

Unknown

Other

3.24

1

Barrier assessment (data deficient structures only)

Barrier owner non-responsive. Currently being proposed as offsetting site for NWP Coal. Awaiting DFO decision.

https://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/acat/documents/r49504/East_Kootenay_Habitat_report_Final_w_MAPS_1447703733942_7701890483.pdf

197786

4606398

Lodgepole Creek

Lodgepole Creek FSR

Stream crossing - CBS

CanFor

BARRIER

Detailed habitat investigation

0.51

1

Engage with barrier owner

Pure population of WCT confirmed in Lodgepole Creek. Undersized culvert with signs of overtopping. Culvert not buried in road bed, leading to damage in several locations. Debris jam with 0.75 m drip currently creating a temporary passage barrier.

https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_elk_2021_reporting/appendix---197787-197786---lodgepole-creek.html Also see: VAST. 2023. Elk River Westslope Cutthroat Trout passage and habitat investigations. Prepared for Canadian Wildlife Federation by VAST Resource Solutions Inc., Cranbrook, B.C.

50254

Tributary to Michel Creek

Corbin Highway

Stream crossing - CBS

North Coal?

POTENTIAL

Unknown

Barrier assessment

0.17

2

Habitat confirmation (data deficient structures only)

North Coal may have potential plans for this crossing. Need to determine the Brook Trout situation in the wetland before committing to any rehabilitation of this structure.

https://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/acat/documents/r43047/PD13TFE006_VAST_FinalReport_1405379598103_5374008940.pdf

50255

4606744

Tributary to Michel Creek

Railway

Stream crossing - CBS

North Coal?

POTENTIAL

Barrier assessment

0.17

2

Habitat confirmation (data deficient structures only)

North Coal may have potential plans for this crossing. Need to determine the Brook Trout situation in the wetland before committing to any rehabilitation of this structure.

https://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/acat/documents/r43047/PD13TFE006_VAST_FinalReport_1405379598103_5374008940.pdf

197780

4601993

Rabbit Creek

Unnamed

Stream crossing - OBS

Unknown

PASSABLE

Barrier assessment

Engage with partners

Was not blocking flows when assessed in 2021 but could become an impediment if it continues to collapse into stream.

http://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/pscismap/imageViewer.do?assessmentId=198800

197781

4601995

Rabbit Creek

Unnamed

Stream crossing - OBS

Unknown

PASSABLE

Barrier assessment

Engage with partners

https://a100.gov.bc.ca/pub/pscismap/imageViewer.do?assessmentId=198801

61504

24706507

Coal Creek

Coal Creek FSR

Stream crossing - OBS

CanWel Forest Products (TBC)

PASSABLE

Unknown

Habitat confirmation

Barrier reassessment

Prior to washout, this was a bridge with footings and rip rap intruding into the wetted channel margin and creating a cascade that was likely impeding fish passage.

https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_elk_2021_reporting/appendix---61504---coal-creek.html

Table 3.8:

Rehabilitated Structures

Barrier Id

Modelled Crossing Id

Watercourse Name

Road Name

Type Of Rehabilitation

Rehabilitated By

Rehabilitated Date

Total Hab Gain Set

Actual Project Cost $

Next Steps

Notes

Supporting Links

62245

4605728

Tobermory Creek

Elk River FSR

Replacement - OBS

BCTS

2022-09-30

Post-rehabilitation monitoring

62505

4602146

Tributary to Lizard Creek

Mount Fernie Parkway

Replacement - OBS

CWF

2023-09-30

251000

Correct deficiencies (rehabilitated structures only)

https://www.newgraphenvironment.com/fish_passage_elk_2020_reporting/appendix---50152---tributary-to-lizard-creek.html